For more such PMI ACP Practice tests kindly consider purchasing our books on Amazon

• PMI-ACP® Exam Preparation: Based on PMBOK® Guide – 6th edition

• PMI – ACP 6 practice tests

Practice Test 2

Q1. Customers and ___________ drive Agile project

1. Product Owner
2. Project Manager
3. Scrum Master
4. The Scrum team

Answer: A. Product Owner

The first principle of Agile is that the customer, who is also called ‘Product Owner’ should be closely involved throughout the project, develop product backlog, prioritize requirements and evaluate the deliverables.

Q2. Which of the following is NOT an adaptive principle found in the Agile Manifesto?

1. Highest priority is to satisfy the customer
2. Improving effectiveness and reliability
3. Welcome changing requirements
4. Emphasis on the relationship between the team members

Answer: B. Improving effectiveness and reliability 

Improving effectiveness and reliability is part of the agile quality process, which is expected to be followed on every agile project but it

is not part of the Agile Manifesto.

Q3. Which of the following is part of the Agile Manifesto?

1. Limit working in progress
2. Working software
3. Reliable hardware
4. Feature first development

Answer: B. Working software.

As discussed earlier, Agile manifesto states that working software is much more important than the comprehensive documentation project may produce. 

Q4. Which of the following would provide high levels of communication and collaboration?

1. Face-to-face contact
2. Frequent emails
3. Video conferencing
4. Conference calls

Answer: A. Face-to-face contact

As stated in Agile principles (#6), the most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation. 

Q5. Which of the following is NOT part of the Agile Principle?

1. Detail planning based on complete requirements
2. Business people and developers must work together.
3. A face-to-face conversation is the most important communication
4. Continuous attention to technical excellence

Answer: B. Detail planning based on complete requirements 

In agile projects, we do not expect to have a detailed plan based on complete requirements before we start development. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development, is one of the agile principles.

Q6. Simplicity, ________________, is essential.

1. Based on plans should never be changed
2. Is expecting the system requirements will change
3. The art of maximizing the amount of work not done, is essential
4. And not having a plan

Answer: C. the art of maximizing the amount of work not done, is essential

Agile philosophy supports doing only what you have to do; no ‘futureproofing’, no ‘gold-plating’. Completing tasks with less work and simple solutions is much better than creating complex works or overdoing.

Q7. An Agile project manager…

1. would have no control over the project progress
2. would be able to demonstrate control of its progress
3. does not control the project
4. measure the progress by the velocity of the most junior team member

Answer: B. would be able to demonstrate control of its progress

Even though it seems the Agile project manager does not control the project, actually, through the self-control established within the team members, an agile project manager has more control over the project than traditional projects. 

Q8. An Agile project should have:

1. Occasional early deliveries, if the business is prepared to accept lower quality
2. A regular pattern of delivery of developer-focused products
3. A regular pattern of delivery of business-valued increments
4. Irregular and unpredictable delivery of products

Answer: C. A regular pattern of delivery of business-valued increments

Time-boxed iterations provide regular delivery of the product based on business value.

Q9. An Agile philosophy advocates which of the following approaches?

1. Get something quick and dirty thrown together to save time
2. Get something simple up and working as quickly as possible
3. Get something business-valuable delivered as quickly as possible, consistent with the right level of quality
4. Get something delivered once it has been fully documented and the documentation signed off as complete and unchangeable

Answer: C. Get something business-valuable delivered as quickly as possible, consistent with the right level of quality.

Delivering value includes high quality, properly tested products that may have fewer features than the final product.

Q10. What constitutes an agile approach?

1. Early planning, values and principles
2. Stakeholders, manifesto and integration
3. Mindset, values, and principles
4. Governance, regulations and values

Answer: C. Mindset, values and principles

Agile is a mindset defined by values, guided by principles, and manifested through many different practices. Agile practitioners select practices based on their needs.

Q11. Of the following choices, which is a key reason to adopt agile principles?

1. To be up to date on the latest process
2. To shake things up in the organization
3. To hold programmers and testers accountable for their work
4. To be better able to respond to change

Answer: D. To be better able to respond to change

The main characteristic of Agile is to help project teams to respond to changing requirements. Agile processes harness change for the customer’s competitive advantage (Agile Principle).

Q12. The Agile way is:

1. To produce working product early and incrementally
2. To produce working product after documentation has been signed off
3. To produce simple prototypes early, but no finished product until the end of the project
4. To produce products without any technical integrity

Answer: A. To produce working product early and incrementally

As stated in Agile Principles, “Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.”

Q13. The Agile manifesto emphasizes on:

1. Individuals and interactions

2. Response to change

3. Following a plan

4. Working software

5. Customer collaboration

1. 1,2,4,5
2. 1,2,3,4
3. 2,3,4,5
4. 1,3,4,5 

Answer: A. 1, 2, 4, 5

Manifesto for Agile Software Development: 

• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools 
• Working software over comprehensive documentation 
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation 
• Responding to change over following a plan

Q14. Project is a _________.

1. ongoing activities which keep teams busy
2. measuring how much work remains in the future
3. temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product
4. an ongoing work effort which is generally a repetitive process

Answer: C. temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. The temporary nature of projects indicates that a project has a definite beginning and end. 

Q15. Managing a project typically includes all of the below, except:

1. Identifying requirements
2. Communications among team members and stakeholders
3. Managing operation of the product once it is in production
4. Balancing the competing project constraints; scope, cost and schedule

Answer: C. Managing operation of the product once it is in production

Operations are ongoing endeavors that produce repetitive outputs, with resources assigned to do basically the same set of tasks according to the standards institutionalized in a product life cycle. 

Q16. What is the Agile approach to doing design early in a project?

1. A detail design upfront is always a good idea
2. Just enough design upfront
3. No design upfront is the best approach as most of the fun of a project is a discovery of the unexpected
4. The design has no place in an Agile project

Answer: B. Just enough design upfront

Just enough design up front gives a good foundation to start from and helps to mitigate risk, without unnecessarily wasting time doing planning for future phases, which may change.

Q17. Who should be the main judge of the business value?

1. The product owner
2. The project leader
3. The facilitator
4. All of the above

Answer: A. The product owner

The product owner’s responsibilities include providing the value of the product and the profitability of this project.

Q18. Who is responsible for ensuring that the project’s Return On Investment (ROI) meets its projections?

1. Scrum Master
2. The team
3. Chief Financial Officer
4. Product Owner

Answer: D. Product Owner

The Product Owner is responsible for selecting the product backlog items based on the value they are bringing to the project.

Q19. Which of the following is a characteristic of Self-organizing teams?

1. Uses wisdom of the group
2. Takes ownership and accountability
3. Learns from its mistakes
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

In addition to the above characteristics, a self-organizing team corrects itself and adjusts its team behavior

Q20. Agile principles listed below, Except:

1. Working product
2. Sustainable development
3. The assumed velocity of the team
4. Team empowerment

Answer: C. The assumed velocity of the team

Agile Principles support how to deal with uncertainty, respond to change, increase value through reducing cost and increasing efficiency, not the velocity of the team.

Q 21. The product road map includes all of the following EXCEPT:

1. Vision statement
2. List of features required to complete overall project vision
3. Prioritization of the features
4. Prototype

Answer: D. Prototype

A product roadmap is a high-level plan in which the features and the timeline of delivering these features to the end-users are included. A prototype is an early sample or model of the product built to test a design or future process during later stages in the project.

Q 22. The following are elements of a project charter for an agile project EXCEPT:

1. Product roadmap
2. Justification of the project
3. Personas
4. Vision statement

Answer: C. Personas

A persona, similar to real life, is a defined fictional character playing a role assigned to this character. Personas are used in user stories during planning sessions.

Q 23. Which of the following is NOT an estimation technique?

1. Ideal time
2. Relative Sizing / Story Points
3. Retrospective
4. Affinity Estimating

Answer: C. Retrospective

The retrospective is a time-boxed meeting held at the end of iteration or release to discuss what went right and what went wrong. 

Q 24. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding sign off of any deliverables on an Agile Project?

1. The team should allow only senior managers to sign off deliverables
2. The team should get acceptance of project deliverables from the appropriate stakeholders at the end of the day
3. The team should get acceptance of project deliverables from the users during a UAT phase at the end of the project
4. The product owner provides sign off during iteration review meeting

Answer: D. The product owner provides sign off during iteration review meeting

The product owner has the ultimate responsibility for signing off the deliverables that are being created by the project team

Q 25. The total budget for the project is $20,000. For this iteration, the Expected Percent Complete is 35% and the Actual Percent Complete is 30%. What is the Earned Value amount?

1. $7,000
2. $6,000
3. $1,000
4. None of the above

Answer: B. $6,000

Earned Value is calculated by multiplying Actual Percent Complete by the total Budget (30% of $20,000 = $6,000)

Q 26. Which of the projects is desirable as per the details provided in the table below?

1. Project A
2. Project B
3. Neither of the projects
4. Data is insufficient

Project	Investment	INR
Project A	200,000	27%
Project B	100,000	43%

Answer: B. Project B.

The project with a higher Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is typically a more profitable project than the one with low IRR.

Q 27. Which of these best describes the Agile approach to team working?

1. The team can work all night, every night if enough pizza is provided
2. The team should be expected to work overtime towards the end of the project
3. The team should strive for a sustainable pace and a normal working week
4. The team will “burn out” if they have to work overtime for more than two time-boxes (iterations) in a row

Answer: C. The team should strive for a sustainable pace and a normal working week

This entails a firm refusal of long work hours, overtime, or even working nights or weekends. Overtime tends to mask schedule, the management or quality deficiencies; the Agile approach favors exposing these deficiencies as early as possible and remedying their

underlying causes, rather than merely treating the symptoms.

Q 28. Which of the following best describes tools that product owners can use to better perform their role in crafting a product vision?

1. Vision tracking
2. Project development scheming
3. Innovation games
4. Process adaptation

Answer: C. Innovation games

Innovation games are very useful prioritization and problem-solving techniques focused on developing primary requirements and providing actionable items through collaboration at the end of the game.

Q 29. Which of the following would provide high levels of communication and collaboration?

1. Face-to-face contact
2. Frequent emails
3. Video conferencing
4. Conference calls

Answer: A. Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team

Scrum recommends having small teams with key people interacting with each other, such as Scrum Master, who leads the team, Product Owner who provides business requirements and acceptance and the Development Team who delivers the requirements.

Q 30. Which of the following is a characteristic of Self-organizing

teams?

1. Uses wisdom of the group
2. Takes ownership and accountability
3. Learns from its mistakes
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

Extreme projects are characterized by:

•  Very complex and uncertain
•  Rapid change
•  Possibility of failure
•  Short deadlines
•  Paramount innovation
•  Important quality of life

Q 31. Agile Earned Value Management (EVM) requires all of the following parameters as an input, Except:

1. The actual cost of a project
2. An estimated product backlog and a release plan
3. The assumed velocity of the team
4. Payback period and future value

Answer: D. Payback period and present value

EVM measures the progress and performance of a project against the plan on a specific date and estimates the future performance. EVM does NOT calculate the payback period or future value of today’s investment.

Q 32. Which of the following best represents the Agile approach to planning?

1. Planning is a waste of time and should not be done
2. Planning should be done in detail at the outset and then not revisited
3. Planning is an iterative job and involves the whole team
4. Planning should all be done by the Project Manager

Answer: C. Planning is an iterative job and involves the whole team.

Agile projects are designed and planned to be adaptive to changes;

therefore, they use minimal planning to execute the project tasks on

hand.

Q 33. User stories are defined as follows:

1. Straightforward and understandable
2. Easily broken down into tasks
3. Estimated and prioritized
4. Negotiation points

1. 1,2,3
2. 2,3,4
3. 1,3,4
4. 1,2,4

Answer: A. 1,2,3

Negotiation is part of the INVEST concept: Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimatable, Small-sized, Testable. It does not belong to user stories.

Q 34. How should work be allocated to the team in an agile project?

1. The Project Leader should give tasks to individuals to create challenges for them
2. Tasks should be randomly allocated using Planning Poker
3. Team members should self-select tasks
4. The biggest tasks should be done by the Project Leader themselves

Answer: C. Team members should self-select tasks

The Agile team is expected to be self-organizing and self-managed.

Q 35. Net Present Value (NPV) is the difference of the__________.

1. potential gain from other alternatives
2. all inflow of cash
3. all outflow of cash
4. sum of present cash flows (in and out)

Answer: D. sum of present cash flows (in and out)

The Net Present Value (NPV) is the sum of the Present Values (PVs) of incoming (benefits) and outgoing (expenses) cash flows over a period of time. It means NPV is the total expected income from a project, minus the total expected cost of the project, taking into account the time value of money.

Q 36. The following skills help an agile practitioner become an adaptive leader, EXCEPT:

1. Collaborative
2. Respectful
3. Authoritarian
4. Ethical

Answer: C. Authoritarian

Authoritarian leaders enforce strict obedience to authority, which is

not acceptable behavior of an agile leader.

Q 37. Each team member answers all the following questions during daily stand up, EXCEPT:

1. What tasks did you do yesterday?
2. What tasks are you planning to do next week?
3. What tasks will you do today?
4. What is in your way?

Answer: B. What tasks are you planning to do next week?

Daily stand-ups deal with current tasks on hand. Next week’s tasks will be reviewed next week.

Q 38. Key characteristics of Servant Leader are as follows, EXCEPT:

1. Ensures that the high-priority needs of people are served
2. Protects the team from outside distractions
3. Deciding release dates and deliverables
4. Performs all supportive tasks to maximize the team’s productivity

Answer: C. Deciding release dates and deliverables

This is the Product Owners’ responsibility, not a Servant leader characteristics.

Q 39. The CIO asks the development team to add a critical and important item to the current iteration. What should the development team do?

1. Inform the Product Owner so that the Product Owner can work with the CIO
2. Add the item to the current iteration, but ask for an additional trained resource from the PMO
3. Add the item to the current sprint without any adjustments because you do not want to upset the CIO
4. Add the item to the current iteration and drop an item of equal size.

Answer: A. Inform the Product Owner so that the Product Owner can work with the CIO.

Product Owner is the voice of business; all business requirements have to go through the Product Owner because he/she has the right to change the features, remove or add new features.

Q 40. Compromising on quality has long term negative effects on products. This is called ____________.

1. known problem
2. proactive management
3. technical debt
4. retrospective effective

Answer: C. technical debt

Technical debt refers to the work that the team fails to do during iterations. These tasks accumulate from iteration to iteration and ultimately lead to requirements of more time and cost at the end of the project. 

Q 41. What is the name given to a task aimed at exploring a solution rather than producing a shippable product?

1. Proof of concepts
2. Spike
3. Throw-away
4. All of the above

Answer: B. Spike

A story or task aimed at answering a question or gathering information, rather than at producing shippable products. Sometimes a user story is generated that cannot be estimated until the development team does some actual work to resolve a technical question or a design problem.

Q 42. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the quality of deliverables from an Agile Project?

1. The products produced by an Agile project should be cheaper than those produced by any other approach, but the quality will suffer
2. The products will be more expensive than by any other approach but will be top quality
3. The products will be fit for purpose, but may not do what the customer wanted
4. The products will be of appropriate quality, as guided by the product owner involved throughout the development process

Answer: D. The products will be of appropriate quality, as guided by the product owner involved throughout the development process

Quality described as whether the product is going to work with appropriate quality as guided by the product owner throughout the development process and meet the product owner’s expectation.

Q 43. Triggers are early warning signs that risk has occurred or is about to occur. Where does the team keep triggers?

1. Agile Charter
2. Product Backlog
3. Risk Register
4. All of the above

Answer: C. Risk Register

Triggers should be identified and recorded in the risk register to enable

timely responses from the team.

Q 44. ____________ is a technique where the agile practitioner assumes the project has failed before it even started, and then they work backward to figure out why, how, and what could’ve been done to help the project succeed.

1. Failure mode
2. Pre-mortem
3. Rule setting
4. None of the above

Answer: B. Pre-mortem

A pre-mortem creates a safe environment for people to speak up and can increase the odds of a project’s success by coming up with contingency plans.

Q 45. Following are some of the features of Risk-based spikes, EXCEPT:

1. Addresses technical uncertainty
2. Investigate unknown facts or uncertainties in a project
3. Produce executable prototype
4. Create a flow of value to customers

Answer: D. Create a flow of value to customers

The purpose of a risk-based spike is to gain the knowledge necessary to reduce the risk of failure and better understand requirements, not to create any flow of value to the customer.

Q 46. What is the benefit of a risk burn-down chart?

1. Overall risk; whether it is decreasing or increasing after each iteration
2. Individual risks; whether their severity is increasing or decreasing over time
3. New risk; when and how they are being introduced
4. Addresses technical uncertainty through testing

Answer: D. Addresses technical uncertainty through testing

This is one of the features of a risk-based spike, not the risk burndown chart.

Q 47. The Agile approach to documentation is:

1. Do no documentation – it is a waste of time
2. Do plenty of documentation, to prove you have done a good job
3. Do the necessary documentation to support the use of the product
4. Do more documentation than usual, because Agile is risky

Answer: C. Do the necessary documentation to support the use of the product

As stated in Agile manifesto, priority should be given to delivering “working product” and then enough documentation could be created when required. User manuals, FAQ’s, technical specifications are still important deliverables; however, these documents should be developed once the final product is delivered, not before the product is finalized. The time should not be spent developing these documents for every iteration unless the product goes into production.

Q 48. What happens when a backlog item fails to meet the definition of “done” at the end of the iteration?

1. The team completes the product backlog item during the next iteration
2. The incomplete backlog item is placed back in the product backlog
3. The Scrum Master points out the person to blame for the item not being finished
4. The team is given 36 hours to finish the incomplete product backlog item

Answer: B. The incomplete backlog item is placed back in the product backlog

Items that are not ‘done’ go back to the Product Backlog and will be re-prioritized by the Product Owner. 

Q 49. Risk burn-down chart provides important pieces of information for the project, EXCEPT:

1. Overall risk; whether it is decreasing or increasing after each iteration
2. Individual risks; whether their severity is increasing or decreasing over time
3. New risk; when and how they are being introduced
4. There is No Perfect Approach, accept “good enough”

Answer: D. There is No Perfect Approach, accept “good enough”

This statement does not belong to any of the Agile methodologies. A risk burn-down chart is a tool that tracks overall project risk. It illustrates the value of risk reduction over time and helps the team to spot the trends to take action on and does not deal with the generic statements like that.

Q 50. Characteristics of an information radiator are as follows:

1. Easy to keep up-to-date; Colourful and casual
2. Visible; it attracts people to read
3. Updated periodically by the team
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

An information radiator is a board kept in a place where everyone can easily see and read the content. It shows the project status – which iterations, current tasks, key deliverables, test results, and more.

Q 51. What is refactoring?

1. Changing the design of your code without changing its behavior
2. Changing the behavior of your code without changing its design
3. Changing the behavior without adding more unit tests
4. Changing the unit tests to make the codes more robust

Answer: A. Changing the design of your code without changing its behavior

Refactoring is the process of code improvement where code is reorganized and rewritten to make it more clear, efficient and easier to understand. 

Q 52. What is the burn rate of an iteration based on the below scenario?

The product owner has decided to keep each iteration three weeks long. The team has five members and the team’s daily velocity is 50 story points. The agile project manager calculated that the average daily rate of the team would be $2,500.

1. $2,500
2. $62,500
3. $37,500
4. Not enough information

Answer: C. $37,500

3 weeks long iteration would be based on a standard 5 days of work per week. The average daily rate of the team is $2,500. Calculation is: $2,500 * 15 = $37,500. The team’s total daily rate is already given, story points information is unnecessary.

Q 53. Based on the below scenario given, what is the burn rate of an iteration?

Daily Average loaded rate of a team member = $700

Number of team members = 5

Number of workdays in each iteration = 15

1. $30,000
2. $52,500
3. $3,500
4. $210,000

Answer: B. $52,500

The team’s Burn Rate by Iteration calculated as follows:

Daily Average loaded rate of a team member = $700

Number of team members = 5

Number of workdays in each iteration = 15

Total Daily Burn Rate = $700 * 5 = $3,500

Total Daily Burn Rate = $3,500 * 15 = $52,000 

Q 54. Fixed price contracts can be described as:

1. Seller pays for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work
2. Seller’s performance period spans a considerable period of years
3. Setting a fixed total price for a defined product, service or result
4. None of the above

Answer: C. Setting a fixed total price for a defined product, service or result

Sellers under this contract are legally obligated to complete these

contracts even if the cost of development goes over the agreed cost

of the product.

Q 55. ________ is the stage where team members learn their roles, responsibilities, trust starts to build and team behavior is established?

1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing

Answer: C. Norming

Norming occurs as the team resolves its internal strife and figures out how to work together.

Q 56. Target end users are also called__________.

1. personas
2. stakeholders
3. Product Owners
4. Scrum team

Answer: A. personas

A persona, similar to real life, is a defined fictional character playing a role assigned to this character. It is a guide, helps the project team to understand the business requirements, features, functionality or design based on different roles.

Q 57. The recommended approach to design in an Agile project is:

1. No design upfront
2. Big design upfront
3. Just enough design upfront
4. Use a previous design – it will be good enough

Answer: C. Just enough design upfront

Just enough design before you build so you avoid wasted design time and effort in ineffective and unnecessary design.

Q 58. The working culture of an Agile team is …

1. Collective
2. Collaborative
3. Connective
4. Contemplative

Answer: B. Collaborative

Collaboration means working together, making sure that all team members agree on the subject discussed, a solution provided and a decision is made. It is a win-win situation as a group.

Q 59. The leadership style of an Agile Leader is …

1. Fascinating
2. Fabulous
3. Servant leader
4. Fantastic

Answer: C. Servant leader

Key characteristics of Servant Leader are:

• Flexible in order to adapt to changes
• Observes and responds to team queries expressed through moods, tone, and body   language
• Ensures that the high-priority needs of people are served

Q 60. What is the primary purpose of the daily stand-up?

1. To give a status report to the Product Owner
2. To give a status report to the Agile Project Manager
3. As a team, share what each member is working on currently
4. To give team members a chance to take a break from their tasks

Answer: C. As a team, share what each member is working on currently

Daily meetings held every morning with the core team members to discuss upcoming activities where all participants provide a status update to other team members about what they are working on.

Q 61. Progressive elaboration is best described as __________.

1. the best approach to one-on-one coaching
2. the stakeholder collaboration for understanding customer needs
3. the growth exhibited through the forming, norming, storming, performing stages
4. the evolution of the project plan as details emerge

Answer: D. the evolution of the project plan as details emerge

Progressive elaboration is a planning method in which high-level plans, estimates of the project are done at the beginning, and detailed plans and estimates are completed as the new sets of information become available to the team.

Q 62. The Agile manifesto was crafted with _________ in mind.

1. better ways of developing software
2. requirements
3. training
4. protesting the status quo

Answer: A. better ways of developing software

As stated in the introduction to the Agile Manifesto, “We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it.”

Q 63. The selection of iteration length should be guided by_________.

1. the amount of uncertainty
2. the ease of getting feedback
3. how long priorities can remain unchanged
4. velocity of the team in past iterations

1. 1,2,3
2. 1,2,4
3. 2,3,4
4. 1,3,4

Answer: A. 1,2,3

Most of the teams decide their iterations at the beginning of the project when the team gathered. At that time, the team’s velocity would be unknown.

Q 64. Project A budgeted for $100,000 with the expectation of $122,000 in return within a year of operation. Project B budgeted for $50,000 with the expectation of $61,000 in return. Which project will bring higher ROI?

1. Project A
2. Project B
3. Both Projects are profitable by the same amount
4. Both projects are NOT profitable

Answer: C. Both Projects are profitable by the same amount

Formula to calculate ROI is (Project Profit – Project Cost) / Project Cost

Project A:

Project Cost: 100,000

Project Revenue: 122,000

= (122,000 – 100,000) / 100,000

= 22% is expected Return on Investment

Project B:

Project Cost: 50,000

Project Revenue: 61,000

= (61,000 – 50,000) / 50,000

= 22% is expected Return on Investment

Q 65. Following are XPM Principles EXCEPT:

1. Simple Design
2. Incremental Planning
3. Continuous Integration
4. Lightweight

Answer: D. Lightweight

Lightweight is one of the Scrum characteristics that naturally limits work-in-process at a team level and empowers teams to work effectively with business partners.

Q 66. How often should the product owner and agile team work together?

1. During all major iteration ceremonies
2. At the beginning and end of the iteration
3. Product owner should be available whenever the team needs him/her
4. Weekly

Answer: C. Product owner should be available whenever the team needs him/her

The product owner should collaborate with the agile team closely to ensure that the team has a clear understanding of all the requirements. Daily visits to team room or scheduled conference calls are a good way to keep communication flow between them.

Q 67. Which of the following is a core principle of agile project management?

1. Welcome changing requirements even late in development
2. Agile artifacts are the primary measure of progress
3. Build projects around senior individuals
4. Agile processes promote aggressive development

Answer: A. Welcome changing requirements even late in development

Agile processes harness change for the customer’s competitive advantage. 

Q 68. Which of the following is a core value of agile manifesto?

1. Following a plan over responding to change
2. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
3. Comprehensive documentation over working software
4. Agile tooling over agile chartering

Answer: B. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.

Following are the core value of agile manifesto:

• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
• Working software over comprehensive documentation
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
• Responding to change over following a plan

Q 69. What is the role of executives in agile?

1. To continually monitor the number of low priority items in the risk register
2. To identify and remove people who are not working hard enough
3. To monitor the development team’s velocity
4. Participate in the release review session if they are invited by the product owner

Answer: D. Participate in the release review session if they are invited by the product owner

Agile follows lean management principles and the product owner’s responsibility is to manage project sponsors, executives and the stakeholders.

Q 70. Who is responsible for the content and prioritization of the product backlog?

1. Scrum Master
2. Product Owner
3. Development Team
4. Agile Project Manager

Answer: B. Product Owner

The product owner has the ultimate responsibility for funding, selecting, prioritizing, accepting and using the products that are being created to deliver value to the customer.

Q 71. The length of the planning meeting is proportional to the length of the _________.

1. Project
2. iteration
3. review meeting
4. daily stand-up

Answer: B. iteration

Recommended durations are as follows:

• 2 hours of planning per week of iteration
• 1 hour of review per week of iteration

Q 72. A team has 800 story points remaining for the first release. The velocity of the team is 200. How many iterations left to finish the release?

1. 20
2. 4
3. 8
4. 6

Answer: B. 4

800 story points remaining / 200 velocity per iteration = 4 iterations

Q 73. If Project A has a Net Present Value (NPV) of $30,000 and project B has an NPV of $50,000, what is the opportunity cost if project B is selected?

1. $23,000
2. $30,000
3. $20,000
4. $50,000

Answer: B. $30,000

The opportunity cost is the monetary value of the project that was

NOT chosen.

Q 74. You proceed with the project only if Net Present Value is ___________.

1. Equal to 0
2. Positive
3. Negative
4. Not enough information to choose

Answer: B. Positive

If the NPV is positive, the project creates value and you should proceed.

Q 75. If the project is on target, then the Cost Performance Index (CPI) should be:

1. Higher than 10
2. Equal to 1
3. Minus
4. None of the above

Answer: B. Equal to 1

CPI = Earned Value /Actual costs.

If the project was on target CPI would be ‘1’. It means that your project is exactly on track; you spent $1 on the project and got $1 of value in return.

Q 76. Key features of self-organizing teams are: 

1. Individuals take accountability for managing their own workload 
2. Team members shift work among themselves based on need and best fit 
3. All team members take responsibilities for effective teamwork 
4. The team is managed by Scrum Master

1. 1,2,3
2. 1,3,4
3. 2,3,4
4. 1,2,4

Answer: B. 1,3.4

All team members should give their full attention to their tasks. Over time, team members learn how to get along with each other and complete tasks with success without intervention from the Scrum Master or Agile Project Manager. 

Q 77. When does the Product Owner terminate an iteration?

1. When the team and the Product Owner realize that everything will not be finished at the end of a sprint
2. When the team feels that the work is too hard and they need a break
3. When the sales team has an important opportunity
4. When the Product Owner determines that it makes no sense to finish

Answer: B. When the Product Owner determines that it makes no sense to finish

Product Owner can cancel the iteration if external circumstances reverse the value of the iteration goal or due to change in business conditions that nullify the value of the current iteration commitments.

Q 78. When a development team determines that it has overcommitted itself for an iteration and cannot finish all the tasks during the iteration. Who reviews and adjusts the product backlog?

1. Scrum Master and Project Manager
2. The development Team
3. Product Owner
4. Executive Sponsor

Answer: C. Product Owner

Any incomplete task of the current iteration is put back on the product

backlog and re-prioritized by the Product Owner.

Q 79. Which of the following components is NOT included in a project charter?

1. Technical considerations
2. Vision statement
3. Detailed issues and risks
4. Product Roadmap

Answer: C. Detailed issues and risks

Elements of a Project Charter for an agile project includes product roadmap, a business case including but not limited to ROI and budget, assignment of a project manager, stakeholders; functional and nonfunctional participants, technical considerations, high-level milestones and vision statement

Q 80. Which of the following best describes the purpose of business case development?

1. The preparation of a business case can assist in obtaining project approval
2. Business cases must be used to document the anticipated progression of a project that the team can refer to
3. A business case can help to supplement roadmap delineation decisions, when necessary
4. Business cases provide stakeholders with an in-depth snapshot of the product before a prototype is developed

Answer: A. The preparation of a business case can assist in obtaining project approval.

A business case is the one document where all project cost-related information is documented. Most organizations develop business cases during the initiation phase and the agile project does not take any different approach. Business case development starts with

defining the opportunity and analyzing alternatives to present final recommendations. 

Q 81. In what order should the product backlog be kept?

1. Chronological
2. Alphabetical
3. Random
4. Priority

Answer: D. Priority

The product backlog is a prioritized list of work to be completed.

Q 82. What does Agile philosophy advise a team do next when the product backlog item is chosen?

1. The team should break each product backlog item into tasks and estimate each task in terms of effort.
2. The product owner assigns each product backlog item to the specialist best suited to carry out the work.
3. The team doesn’t do anything with the product backlog items. Scrum doesn’t use tasks or task lists.
4. The team asks the Scrum Master to research the product backlog items and decide who should work on each one.

Answer: A. The team should break the product backlog item into tasks and estimate each task in terms of effort.

This is also called iteration planning, where the team determines what features can be completed in the current iteration based on their estimates.

Q 83. Who ultimately decides when the team has enough work for the iteration?

1. The Scrum Master
2. The Product Owner
3. The Agile team
4. The Project Sponsor

Answer: C. The Agile team

The Agile teams are self-organized teams that decide whether they have enough work for the iteration or not.

Q 84. Which of the following questions is NOT answered at the daily stand up?

1. What is my estimated date to complete these tasks
2. What did I do yesterday?
3. What will I do today?
4. What impediments are in my way?

Answer: A. What is my estimated date to complete these tasks

There are only 3 questions answered in the daily stand-ups and they relate to current work, not future tasks.

Q 85. An Agile project, product owner …

1. Provides the value of the product and profitability of this project
2. Develops initial product vision, also called project scope
3. Decides release date and deliverables
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

In addition to the above, the Product Owner is:

• Putting priority to features in each release and iteration
• Interacting with stakeholders/customers to define the product backlog
• Every iteration, review and adjust – if necessary – product backlog
• Defining the “Definition of Done” and accept or reject work results

Q 86. Flow-based agile teams use different measurements, EXCEPT:

1. Lead time
2. Response time
3. Time-to-market
4. Cycle time

Answer: C. Time-to-market

Time-to-market is measured based on the market and the market condition, such as customers, state of the market (i.e., growing or shrinking), and competition (e.g., what, who, position in the marketplace) to release the product, not for the team’s productivity.

Q 87. What is the velocity?

1. Agile methodology
2. Agile reporting tool used by the Product Owner
3. The total effort a team is capable of completing in an iteration
4. Number of defects the team can produce

Answer: C. The total effort a team is capable of completing in an iteration

Velocity measures how many working hours the team spends on a task or user story during iteration. It is a relative value system, changes team to team and project to project.

Q 88. Select the BEST among the following statements.

1. A user story is complete when it is ready for demonstration and when it can meet all the conditions of satisfaction identified by the Product Owner
2. A user story is complete when it is ready for demonstration and when it can meet all the conditions of satisfaction identified by the Scrum Master
3. A user story is complete when it is ready for demonstration and when it can meet some of the conditions of satisfaction identified by the Product Owner
4. A user story is complete when it is ready for demonstration and when it can meet all the conditions of satisfaction identified by the Agile Project Manager.

Answer: A. A user story is complete when it is ready for demonstration and when it can meet all the conditions of satisfaction identified by the Product Owner.

Product Owner is the only person who can accept or reject a user story when it is demonstrated.

Q 89. When measuring the project success:

1. Look at the trends, not just the numbers
2. Look at the number of defects found in the last iteration
3. Manage based on published reports
4. Ask the Product Owner

Answer: A. Look at the trends, not just the numbers

Using one of the Agile quality metrics, such as a control chart, can help to identify the trends.

Q 90. In order to understand product requirements, the team has made a small collection of representative user profiles. Each profile includes a fictitious name, a job title and a primary goal for using the product. This is an example of which technique?

1. Stakeholder management
2. Innovation games
3. Story mapping
4. Persona creation

Answer: D. Persona creation

A persona, similar to real life, is a defined fictional character playing a role assigned to this character helps the team to understand the requirement.

Q 91. What does ‘O’ mean in MOSCOW?

1. Obsolete product
2. Observation only
3. A joker, user can change to whatever they need
4. No meaning

Answer: D. No meaning

‘O’ is included to ensure the technique is memorable and easy to pronounce.

Q 92. In which of the following meetings, is the presence of the broader stakeholder community most appropriate?

1. During refactoring
2. Daily stand-up meeting
3. Iteration review meeting
4. Iteration retrospective meeting

Answer: D. Iteration review meeting

During the iteration review meetings, the team demonstrates the working product which might help the stakeholder to see the progress and provide their feedback to the product owner. 

Q 93. Which of the following statements is true with reference to the Net Present Value (NPV)?

1. Risk should be factored in before the NPV is performed
2. Payback period should not be used to make a determination
3. ROI is useful only when it is compared to other projects in the same organization
4. NPV higher than 0 is more desirable than negative

Answer: D. NPV higher than 0 is more desirable than negative

If NPV > 0 The project is a profitable venture.

Q 94. Minimum Usable Subset also called ________ .

1. Defects
2. Ideal time
3. Osmotic
4. Must

Answer: D. Must

Must describe a feature that absolutely has to be in the backlog list and the product will not go to production without it.

Q 95. Prioritization of user stories should be performed on the basis of the following:

1. The financial value of the feature
2. The amount of risk involved in developing the feature
3. The cost of developing the new story
4. The user interface design of the story

1. 1,2,3
2. 2,3,4
3. 1,3,4
4. 1,2,4

Answer: A. 1,2,3

The focus on delivering value drives most of the Agile activities and decisions on a project.

Q 96. What is the difference between NPV and ROI:

1. NPV measures the investment and ROI measures the efficiency
2. NPV is the current total cost and ROI is the future cost
3. ROI measures the cash flow and NPV measures the efficiency
4. No difference

Answer: A. NPV measures the investment and ROI measures the efficiency

NPV measures the cash flow of an investment and ROI measures the efficiency of an investment

Q 97. Value prioritization involves managing__________.

1. product backlog
2. iteration backlog
3. release burndown chart
4. iteration burndown chart

Answer: A. product backlog

Because product backlog drives the value prioritization

Q 98. The primary goal of Value Stream Mapping is to _______.

1. provide customers backlog list during the development process
2. provide a map of team locations during a fire drill
3. map the flow of work from the start of the delivery process to end
4. provide a view of management during the development process

Answer: C. map the flow of work from the start of the delivery process to end

Value stream analysis is used to assess the performance, to find out if there is room for process improvements and perform root cause analysis if required. 

Q 99. Using Value Portfolio Management, the team can do all of the following, EXCEPT:

1. Prioritize projects based on their ROI / IRR to the organization
2. Organize product features into a project roadmap
3. Minimize Work In Progress (WIP) to maximize the value delivered
4. Reduce the risk through simplifying its processes

Answer: B. Organize project features into a project roadmap

Value Portfolio Management is a process to ensure that an organization or department spends its resources on the work that brings more value.

Q 100. Value Portfolio Management provides:

1. Speed and quality through
2. Exposing delays and problems
3. Focusing on time to market
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

Value Portfolio Management provides;

• Speed and quality through identifying and working on minimum marketable features,
•  Delivering early, quickly and exposing delays and problems, and
•  Focusing on time to market. 

Q 101. During an iteration, the Chief Marketing Officer(CMO) approaches the agile team with a new requirement to be developed and demonstrated to the client in the upcoming iteration meeting. In this scenario, what should the agile project manager do?

1. The team should incorporate the new requirement from the CMO and move out the lowest priority item from the iteration
2. The agile project manager should not allow the CMO to disturb the team during the iteration and direct him to work with the product owner to prioritize the new requirement correctly
3. Discuss the matter in daily stand-up meeting and resolve it based on the agile team’s inputs
4. Discuss the requirement with the product owner only, take a decision, and inform the team what they should be doing

Answer: B. The agile project manager should not allow the CMO to disturb the team during the iteration and direct him to work with the product owner to prioritize the new requirement correctly.

The product owner has the ultimate responsibility for the business requirements.

Q 102. What factors should be considered during the prioritization of the user stories?

1. Technical factors
2. Features that have a higher value to the customers
3. Dependencies and high-level risks
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

Once the feature is selected for development, the team needs to consider all of the factors to be sure that they can deliver the user story.

Q 103. One of the story cards contains the customer’s business specific references that the development team finds it difficult to interpret. What should be the next step?

1. Hire a domain expert from a consulting company
2. Search and investigate the topic on the Internet
3. Discuss within other teams during Scrum of the Scrum meetings
4. Discuss with the customer.

Answer: D. Discuss with the customer.

The customer, also called Product Owner, has the responsibility to be sure that the team has a clear understanding of what needs to be done.

Q 104. Cumulative flow diagram provides all of the following, EXCEPT:

1. Whether or not value is being delivered as the result of our detail-level activities
2. Where the bottlenecks are in our workflow
3. How long it takes something of value to be produced (cycle time)
4. The total size of the marketing team

Answer: D. The total size of the marketing team 

The Cumulative Flow diagram provides a full view of the activities happening in the project.

Q 105. Which of the following is NOT a product backlog prioritization technique?

1. Minimal marketable feature
2. Story maps
3. Backlog grooming
4. Relative ranking

Answer: B. Story maps

A user story map arranges user stories into a useful model to help understand the functionality of the system, not a prioritization technique.

Q 106. The basic principles of agile project management are:

1. Produce a value in every iteration
2. Increase the value of the delivery in every incremental
3. Empower the team
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

The basic principles of agile project management include all of the

above principles.

Q 107. Items in the iteration backlog are estimated in___________.

1. ideal time
2. story points
3. elapsed time
4. cumulative points

Answer: B. story points

A story point is an arbitrary measure used to measure the effort required to develop a user story (complete a task). It is a number that tells the team how hard the story is related to complexity, unknowns and effort.

Q 108. SWOT is a structured method used to evaluate __________, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.

1. Simple
2. Strengths
3. Successful
4. Seven habits

Answer: B. Strengths

Strengths: characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage over others

Q 109. The average daily velocity of the team is 5. How many more iterations require 75 story points?

1. 15
2. 5
3. 1
4. Not enough information

Answer: D. Not enough information

The team’s daily velocity is 5, we do not know how many days in a given iteration.

Q 110. ________are the methods of performing estimation in Agile.

1. Function points and story points
2. Quick function points and story points
3. Ideal days
4. Lines of code

Answer: C. Ideal days

An ideal day is a unit for estimating the size of product backlog items based on how long an item would take to complete if it were the only work being performed, there were no interruptions, and all resources necessary to complete the work were immediately available.

Q 111. Which one of the following is the most likely cause for a variation in the ideal time and elapsed time in software development?

1. Developer’s inefficiency
2. Interruptions
3. Incorrect estimations
4. Requirement changes

Answer: B. Interruptions

The elapsed time includes interruptions, such as vacations, sick days, training, etc.

Q 112. Which of the following is NOT a problem-solving technique?

1. 5 Whys Analysis
2. Fishbone Diagram
3. Burn-down Chart
4. Root Cause Analysis

Answer: C. Burn-down Chart

Burn-down charts provide a visual reminder of the current state of the project.

Q 113. The most common chart used in Agile is __________.

1. Cumulative flow
2. Burn-up chart
3. Bar graph
4. Big visible chart

Answer: B. Burn-up chart

Burn-up charts are easy to make and easy to read.

Q 114. _________ perform estimation in Agile.

1. Program Management Office
2. Product Owner and Stakeholders
3. Product Owner and Scrum Master
4. Development team

Answer: D. Development team

The product owner prioritizes the items; however, only the development

team can perform the estimation for the product backlog items.

Q 115. _____________ is the most commonly used contract type.

1. Fixed-Price Contracts
2. Cost-reimbursable Contracts
3. Time and Material Contracts
4. None of the above

Answer: A. Fixed-Price Contracts

Setting a fixed total price for a defined product, service or result called Fixed-Price Contracts.

Q 116. The tasks in an iteration should be sized properly so that:

1. The tasks can be completed during the iteration
2. The team does not need to do overtime to finish it on time
3. The tasks are not carried forward in the next iteration
4. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

If one of them is not done, it will stall the project.

Q 117. Agile originated as a response to traditional project management methodologies, to bring ___________?

1. order
2. flexibility and adaptability
3. flexibility and sequence
4. new change management

Answer: B. flexibility and adaptability

Agile management is a mindset, NOT a specific method or process. It originated as a response to traditional project management methodologies, specifically software development project methodologies, to bring flexibility and adaptability to development environments.

Q 118. Estimation of the velocity for a team can NOT be determined by________.

1. using historical values
2. using the velocity of another team
3. running an iteration
4. making a forecast

Answer: B. using the velocity of another team

Each team is unique and its velocity will be different than other teams.

Q 119. The primary measure of a team’s efficiency is the__________.

1. effort spent
2. velocity
3. user stories
4. effort variance

Answer: B. velocity

Velocity is defined as the total effort a team is capable of completing in an iteration.

Q 120. Objectives of grooming:

1. Split large product backlog items into smaller ones
2. add remaining items to the current iteration
3. remove the iteration backlog items
4. reduce the number of tasks in the iteration

Answer: A. Split large product backlog items into smaller ones

The main objective of grooming is to refine the product backlog.